This example sniffs DNS packets, matches responses with queries and measures response times. It displays the amount of responses matched, the average and worst response times.

You can download this code here.

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2016, Matias Fontanini
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
 * met:
 *
 * * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
 *   copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
 *   in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
 *   distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
 * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 */

#ifdef _WIN32
    #define NOMINMAX
#endif // _WIN32

#include <iostream>
#include <mutex>
#include <chrono>
#include <map>
#include <thread>
#include <algorithm>
#include <tins/tins.h>

using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::thread;
using std::string;
using std::bind;
using std::map;
using std::mutex;
using std::max;
using std::min;
using std::exception;
using std::lock_guard;
using std::tuple;
using std::make_tuple;
using std::this_thread::sleep_for;
using std::chrono::seconds;
using std::chrono::milliseconds;
using std::chrono::duration_cast;
using std::chrono::system_clock;

using namespace Tins;

// Holds the DNS response time statistics. The response time is 
// represented using the Duration template parameter.
template<typename Duration>
class statistics {
public:
    using duration_type = Duration;
    using locker_type = lock_guard<mutex>;
    
    struct information {
        duration_type average, worst;
        size_t count;
    };
    
    statistics()
    : m_duration(), m_worst(duration_type::min()), m_count() {
        
    }
    
    void add_response_time(const duration_type& duration) {
        locker_type _(m_lock);
        m_duration += duration;
        m_count++;
        m_worst = max(m_worst, duration);
    }
    
    information get_information() const {
        locker_type _(m_lock);
        if(m_count == 0) {
            return { };
        }
        else {
            return { m_duration / m_count, m_worst, m_count };
        }
    };
private:
    duration_type m_duration, m_worst;
    size_t m_count;
    mutable mutex m_lock;
};

// Sniffs and tracks DNS queries. When a matching DNS response is found,
// the response time is added to a statistics object.
//
// This class performs* no cleanup* on data associated with queries that
// weren't answered.
class dns_monitor {
public:
    // The response times are measured in milliseconds
    using duration_type = milliseconds;
    // The statistics type used.
    using statistics_type = statistics<duration_type>;
    
    void run(BaseSniffer& sniffer);
    const statistics_type& stats() const {
        return m_stats;
    }
private:
    using packet_info = tuple<IPv4Address, IPv4Address, uint16_t>;
    using clock_type = system_clock;
    using time_point_type = clock_type::time_point;

    bool callback(const PDU& pdu);
    static packet_info make_packet_info(const PDU& pdu, const DNS& dns);
    
    statistics_type m_stats;    
    map<packet_info, time_point_type> m_packet_info;
};

void dns_monitor::run(BaseSniffer& sniffer) {
    sniffer.sniff_loop(
        bind(
            &dns_monitor::callback, 
            this, 
            std::placeholders::_1
        )
    );
}

bool dns_monitor::callback(const PDU& pdu) {
    auto now = clock_type::now();
    auto dns = pdu.rfind_pdu<RawPDU>().to<DNS>();
    auto info = make_packet_info(pdu, dns);
    // If it's a query, add the sniff time to our map.
    if (dns.type() == DNS::QUERY) {
        m_packet_info.insert(
            std::make_pair(info, now)
        );
    }
    else {
        // It's a response, we need to find the query in our map.
        auto iter = m_packet_info.find(info);
        if (iter != m_packet_info.end()) {
            // We found the query, let's add the response time to the
            // statistics object.
            m_stats.add_response_time(
                duration_cast<duration_type>(now - iter->second)
            );
            // Forget about the query.
            m_packet_info.erase(iter);
        }
    }
    return true;
}

// It is required that we can identify packets sent and received that
// hold the same DNS id as belonging to the same query. 
// 
// This function retrieves a tuple (addr, addr, id) that will achieve it.
auto dns_monitor::make_packet_info(const PDU& pdu, const DNS& dns) -> packet_info {
    const auto& ip = pdu.rfind_pdu<IP>();
    return make_tuple( 
        // smallest address first
        min(ip.src_addr(), ip.dst_addr()),
        // largest address second
        max(ip.src_addr(), ip.dst_addr()),
        dns.id()
    );
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    string iface;
    if (argc == 2) {
        // Use the provided interface
        iface = argv[1];
    }
    else {
        // Use the default interface
        iface = NetworkInterface::default_interface().name();
    }
    try {
        SnifferConfiguration config;
        config.set_promisc_mode(true);
        config.set_filter("udp and port 53");
        Sniffer sniffer(iface, config);
        dns_monitor monitor;
        thread thread(
            [&]() {
                monitor.run(sniffer);
            }
        );
        while (true) {
            auto info = monitor.stats().get_information();
            cout << "\rAverage " << info.average.count() 
                << "ms. Worst: " << info.worst.count() << "ms. Count: "
                << info.count << "   ";
            cout.flush();
            sleep_for(seconds(1));
        }
    }
    catch (exception& ex) {
        cout << "[-] Error: " << ex.what() << endl;
    }
}